October 30, 2020
Today’s blog will feature “This day in history.”
👉 On October 1, 1890, an act of Congress created Yosemite National Park, home of such natural wonders as Half Dome and the giant sequoia trees. Environmental trailblazer John Muir and his colleagues campaigned for the congressional action, which was signed into law by President Benjamin Harrison and paved the way for generations of hikers, campers and nature lovers, along with countless “Don’t Feed the Bears” signs.
👉 On October 2, 1967, Chief Justice Earl Warren swore in Thurgood Marshall, the first Black justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. As chief counsel for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in the 1940s and ’50s, Marshall was the architect and executor of the legal strategy that ended the era of official racial segregation.
👉 Former football star O.J. Simpson was acquitted, on October 3, 1995, of the brutal 1994 double murder of his estranged wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ronald Goldman. In the epic 252-day trial, Simpson’s “dream team” of lawyers convinced jurors that Simpson’s guilt had not been proved “beyond a reasonable doubt,” thus surmounting what the prosecution called a “mountain of evidence” implicating him as the murderer. If the gloves don’t fit, you must acquit.
👉 The Soviet Union inaugurated the “Space Age” with its launch, on October 4, 1957 of Sputnik, the world’s first artificial satellite. Sputnik, named for the Russian word for “satellite,” was launched from a launch base in the Kazakh Republic. Sputnik had a diameter of 22 inches and weighed 184 pounds and circled Earth once every 96 minutes. America’s first satellite, “Explorer 1” was 6 inches in diameter and weighed 30 pounds.
👉 On October 6, 1866, the brothers John and Simeon Reno stage the first robbery of a moving train in American history, making off with $13,000 from an Ohio and Mississippi railroad train in Jackson County, Indiana. Their method of robbing trains quickly became very popular in the West. Some criminal gangs, like Butch Cassidy’s Wild Bunch, found that robbing trains was so easy and lucrative that for a time they made it their criminal specialty.

👉 On October 9, 1974, Oskar Schindler – credited with saving 1,200 Jews during the Holocaust – died at the age of 66. A member of the Nazi Party, he ran a factory in Krakow during the German occupation of Poland, employing workers from the nearby Jewish ghetto. When the ghetto was liquidated, he persuaded Nazi officials to allow the transfer of his workers to the Plaszow labor camp, thus saving them from deportation to the death camps. In 1944, all Jews at Plaszow were sent to Auschwitz, but Schindler, at great risk to himself, bribed officials into allowing him to keep his workers and set up a factory in a safer location in occupied Czechoslovakia. In 1962, he was declared a Righteous Gentile by Yad Vashem, Israel’s official agency for remembering the Holocaust. According to his wishes, he was buried in Israel.
Watch this incredibly moving two minute clip from Stephen Spielberg’s movie, Schindler’s List, starring Liam Neesan. “I could have saved one more person https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQvUjXGAHXs.”
👉 On October 13, 1903, in the first World Series, the Boston Americans defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in a best-of-nine contest, with Boston prevailing five games to three, winning the last four. Due to overflow crowds at the Exposition Park games in Allegheny City, the Pirates home park, if a batted ball rolled under a rope in the outfield that held spectators back, a “ground-rule triple” would be scored. Seventeen ground-rule triples were hit in the four games played at the stadium. Such a large comeback would not happen again until the Pirates came back to defeat the Washington Senators in the 1925 World Series, and has happened only 11 times in baseball history. The Pirates themselves came back from a 3-1 deficit in 1979 against the Baltimore Orioles.

👉 U.S. Air Force Captain Chuck Yeager became the first person to fly faster than the speed of sound on October 14, 1947. Yeager flew the X-1 rocket plane over Rogers Dry Lake in Southern California. The X-1 was lifted to an altitude of 25,000 feet by a B-29 aircraft and then released, rocketing to 40,000 feet and exceeding 662 miles per hour (the sound barrier at that altitude). The rocket plane, nicknamed “Glamorous Glennis” after Yeager’s wife, had a streamlined fuselage modeled after a .50-caliber bullet (the X-1, not Mrs. Yeager).

👉 On October 18, 1867, the U.S. formally took possession of Alaska after purchasing the territory from Russia for $7.2 million, or less than two cents an acre. The Alaska purchase comprised 586,412 square miles, about twice the size of Texas, and was championed by William Henry Seward, the secretary of state under President Andrew Johnson. The American public believed the land to be barren and worthless and dubbed the purchase “Seward’s Folly” and “Andrew Johnson’s Polar Bear Garden.” Public opinion of the purchase turned more favorable when gold was discovered in a tributary of Alaska’s Klondike River in 1896, sparking a gold rush. Alaska became the 49th state on January 3, 1959.
👉 Hopelessly trapped at Yorktown, Virginia, on October 19, 1781, British General Lord Cornwallis surrendered to Franco-American forces, bringing an end to the American Revolution. General Cornwallis surrendered 7,087 officers and men, 900 seamen, 144 cannons, 15 galleys, a frigate, and 30 transport ships. Pleading illness, he did not attend the surrender ceremony, but his second-in-command, General Charles O’Hara, carried Cornwallis’ sword to the American and French commanders.

👉 President John F. Kennedy announced on October 22, 1962, that U.S. spy planes had discovered Soviet missile bases in Cuba. These missile sites housed medium-range missiles capable of striking a number of major cities in the United States, including Washington, D.C. Kennedy announced that he was ordering a naval “quarantine” of Cuba to prevent Soviet ships from transporting any more offensive weapons to the island and explained that the United States would not tolerate the existence of the missile sites currently in place.
👉 On October 24, 1901, a 63-year-old schoolteacher named Annie Edson Taylor became the first person to successfully take the plunge over Niagara Falls (“Slowly I turned”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MYP1OBZfFK0) in a barrel. In July 1901, while reading an article about the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, she learned of the growing popularity of two enormous waterfalls located on the border of upstate New York and Canada. Strapped for cash and seeking fame, Taylor came up with the perfect attention-getting stunt: She would go over Niagara Falls in a barrel. After a brief flurry of photo-ops and speaking engagements, Taylor’s fame cooled, and she was unable to make the fortune for which she had hoped. Since 1951, going over Niagara Falls is illegal, and survivors face charges and stiff fines on either side of the border.

👉 The Charge of the Light Brigade was a failed military action on October 25, 1854 involving the British light cavalry against Russian forces during the Crimean War. The orders were miscommunicated, and the Light Brigade was instead sent on a frontal assault against the wrong artillery battery. The Light Brigade reached the battery under withering fire, but were forced to retreat immediately. Of the 600 men who started the charge, only 195 were still with horses, 118 men were killed, 127 wounded, and about 60 taken prisoner. Six weeks after the event, Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s narrative poem “The Charge of the Light Brigade,” was published.

👉 On October 26, 1881, the Earp brothers faced off against the Clanton-McLaury gang in a legendary shootout at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, Arizona. The famous gunfight lasted 30 seconds, and around 30 shots were fired. Most reports say that the shootout began when Virgil Earp pulled his revolver and shot Billy Clanton, while Doc Holliday fired a shotgun blast at Tom McLaury. When the dust cleared, Billy Clanton and the McLaury brothers were dead, and Virgil and Morgan Earp and Doc Holliday were wounded. Ike Clanton and Billy Claiborne had run for the hills.

👉 October 29, 1929, will forever be known as “Black Tuesday.” Wall Street investors traded 16,410,030 shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. Billions of dollars were lost, wiping out thousands of investors, and stock tickers ran hours behind because the machinery could not handle the tremendous volume of trading. In the aftermath of Black Tuesday, America and the rest of the industrialized world spiraled downward into the Great Depression.

👉 On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther approached the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, and nailed a piece of paper to it containing the 95 revolutionary opinions that would begin the Protestant Reformation. In 1521 Pope Leo X formally excommunicated Luther from the Catholic Church. That same year, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, issued the Edict of Worms declaring Luther an outlaw and a heretic and giving permission for anyone to kill him without consequence. Prince Frederick protected Luther by faking a highway attack on Luther’s way back to Wittenberg, abducting and then hiding him at Wartburg Castle.
👉 These monthly recaps always run long, but if you have seven and a half minutes, and want the best laugh of the day, maybe of the month, watch this video of an invocation offered at Home Instead Senior Care’s 2009 Convention https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPFCn3itBFE. You will thank me.
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